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Increases the difference in densities of the fluids that further enhances water-settling time and separation.Īll of these factors favor emulsion destabilization and oil/water separation however, heat by itself is not a cure-all and even has some disadvantages (e.g., loss of light ends from the crude oil).Weakens or ruptures the film on water droplets because of water expansion and enhances film drainage and coalescence.Increases droplet collisions and favors coalescence.Increases the settling rate of water droplets.Increases the mobility of the water droplets.An increase in temperature has the following effects. The factors that enhance or speed up emulsion breaking are discussed here.Īpplication of heat promotes oil/water separation and accelerates the treating process. Factors that affect the interfacial film are discussed in Stability of oil emulsions. Therefore, destabilizing or breaking emulsions is linked directly to the removal of this interfacial film. To separate this emulsion into oil and water, the interfacial film must be destroyed and the droplets made to coalesce. This stability arises from the formation of interfacial films that encapsulate the water droplets. Oilfield emulsions possess some kinetic stability. 3.4.6 Mechanisms involved in chemical demulsification.3.4.5 Factors affecting demulsifier efficiency.3.4.4 When injection is not recommended.3.2.2 Production traps or three-phase separators.3 Methods of emulsion breaking or demulsification.2 Mechanisms involved in demulsification.The salts are removed by washing or desalting the crude oil with relatively fresh water. The primary concern in refineries is to remove inorganic salts from the crude oil before they cause corrosion or other detrimental effects in refinery equipment. Low BS&W and salt content is required to reduce corrosion and deposition of salts. The salt is insoluble in oil and associated with residual water in the treated crude. This standard depends on company and pipeline specifications. For example, the oil shipped from wet-crude handling facilities must not contain more than 0.2% basic sediment and water (BS&W) and 10 pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. Produced oil generally has to meet company and pipeline specifications. Quality of separated water for disposalĪ fast rate of separation, a low value of residual water in the crude oil, and a low value of oil in the disposal water are obviously desirable.Amount of water left in the crude oil after separation.Rate or the speed at which this separation takes place.From a process point of view, the oil producer is interested in three aspects of demulsification: Demulsification is the breaking of a crude oil emulsion into oil and water phases.
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